【塞下曲】四首其二 唐 • 王昌齡
飲馬渡秋水,水寒風似刀。
平沙日未沒,黯黯見臨洮。
昔日長城戰,咸言意氣高。
黃塵足今古,白骨亂蓬蒿。
(本題一作【望臨洮】)
SAI XIA QU: "The Border Song" (No. 2 of 4)
-- by WANG CHANGLING (698-757)
-- Translated by Frank C Yue
The horses we water'd, the Autumn river we ford'd;
The water was freezing, and the wind, sharp as sword.
O'er the boundless sands, for us the slanting Sun waits;
In the growing darkness, the dim view of Lin Tao fades.
In years past, great battles were fought on the Great Wall high;
Our warriors' fighting spirit was high (but many died).
As always, yellow dust and sand rule supreme here;
Weeds and thistles grow thick among the white bones bare.
1. 臨洮: A 'border city' then in Gansu province; site of the western starting point of the Great Wall in ancient China.
2. In 714 pitched battles were fought between the Hans and the Turfan invaders from the western frontier.
<評析錄自《唐詩三百首譯注評》:
【譯文】
戰馬飲足水便橫渡清冷的河流,水寒刺骨,風利如刀。在一望無際的沙漠之上,太陽尚未沉入地平線,便隱隱約約地望見了臨洮。當年這長城的起點處曾經發生過一場激戰,都說我軍的殺敵士氣十分高昂。這個地方,自古以來就是黃沙莽莽的征戰之地,現今依然可見白骨四布,雜亂地棄置於野草之中。
【注釋】
〔平沙〕一望無際的沙漠。
〔黯黯〕昏暗不清的樣子。
〔臨洮〕今甘肅岷縣,為古長城西邊的起點。
〔長城戰〕開元三年 (714) 吐蕃侵擾臨洮,唐玄宗令隴右防禦使薛訥、副使郭知運、大僕少卿王竣等出擊敵人,殺敵萬餘人,同時唐軍傷亡也十分慘重。
〔黃塵〕黃沙。
〔意氣〕意志氣概。
〔足〕充塞。
〔蓬蒿〕此泛指戰地的野草。
【評析】
這首詩生動擂繪了唐代西北邊庭的殘酷征戰,委婉地譴責了統治者窮兵黯武的罪惡行徑。
前兩句 < 飲馬渡秋水,水寒風似刀。> 運用頂針手法,造成一種風寒水冷、水冷風寒的迴環往復效果,為戰士們催馬遠征描繪出十分艱苦的自然環境。 三四句 < 平沙日未沒,黯黯見臨洮。> 的意境十分雄渾闊大,既寫出沙漠的茫茫無邊,又點出西照的夕陽和遠望時的昏暗不清,進一步造成行軍緊迫、前景黯淡的淒涼氛圍。隨之筆鋒一轉,陡寫昔日將士的高昂意氣,實則巧藉 洮水之戰 的雙方慘重傷亡 < 昔日長城戰,咸言意氣高。>,把批判的鋒芒延伸到歷史的縱深。因而「咸言意氣高」之語,看似禮讚昔日征戰的勝利,實則飽含詩人深沉的歷史反思。尤其最後的「黃塵足今古,白骨亂蓬蒿」兩句,用滿目荒涼淒慘的古今戰場,表達對連年征戰的厭棄和對棄屍沙場者的深刻同情,意蘊十分深刻。>
A brief collection of my attempted English renditions of selected Chinese poems, both contemporary and classical. (Each original classical Chinese poem may be presented in both the traditional and simplified forms, followed by the English translation.) Comments and suggested amendments welcome. (But I may not have the time to respond to every comment.) I am a follower of Andrew W F Wong's excellent blog "Classical Chinese Poems in English".
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